Botanical card dedicated to the common chestnut tree, Castanea sativa
The chestnut zone
Native to the Mediterranean basin, the chestnut tree is present in many French regions. However, it remains rare in the north and north-east, although relatively abundant in the northern Vosges.
It was introduced by the Romans in the first century of our era. Until recently, it was mainly cultivated for food purposes, for chestnut flour, and for the wood which was used for multiple purposes.
Portrait of the chestnut tree
The chestnut is a tree that can live more than 500 years. Its growth is vigorous, and it can reach heights between 25 and 30 meters.
Its deciduous foliage forms a fairly dense canopy.
The male and female flowers are distinct, but are borne by the same individual.
Although it is a sun tree, the chestnut tolerates a light shade during its first years.
Chestnut's enemies
The chestnut tree is susceptible to two microscopic fungi:
- ink disease, which can decimate it when grown on inappropriate land;
- the canker; a very contagious parasite, currently in full expansion.
The chestnut tree can also be affected by rust, a detachment of the growth rings which strongly depreciates its wood. This defect, which increases with age, is linked to the growing conditions.
Finally, the chestnut tree is also sensitive to browsing, rubbing and debarking caused by deer.
The qualities of chestnut wood
Chestnut wood is rich in tannins. It is therefore very well preserved, which makes it suitable for specific uses: posts, frameworks, external frames...
Its ability to split is used for the manufacture of cladding.
Its timber is much sought after for furniture (parquet, stairs, furniture), while its very flexible strands are used in basketry and for strapping barrels.
The chestnut tree can also be used as firewood, in closed fireplaces (the wood bursts under the action of heat).
Planting advice
Plant the chestnut tree between November and March.
It can be planted in the sun or under a light shade, and in a non chalky, rather fresh and draining soil.
